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Milia are those pesky little white bumps that seem to pop up out of nowhere on our skin.  These tiny, stubborn cysts can be a source of frustration for many, but understanding their causes and treatments can help us tackle them effectively.

In this comprehensive blog post, we’ll dive deep into the world of milia, exploring its characteristics, causes, and the various options available to address this common skin condition.


What is Milia?

In simple words, milia are small, keratin-filled cysts that form just under the surface of the skin. These harmless bumps typically appear on the face, particularly around the eyes, nose, and cheeks, though they can occur on other areas of the body as well.

They are often mistaken for whiteheads, but they are distinctly different, as they are not connected to the pore and do not contain any oil or acne-causing bacteria.


Causes of Milia

There are several factors that can contribute to their formation. One of the primary causes is the accumulation of keratin, a protein found in the skin, which becomes trapped beneath the skin’s surface.

This can happen due to a variety of reasons, including:

  • Skin trauma or injury
  • Excessive use of heavy, occlusive skincare products
  • Sun damage
  • Certain medical conditions, such as bullous pemphigoid or epidermolysis bullosa

Types of Milia

It can be classified into different types based on their appearance and underlying causes:

  1. Primary: These are the most common type, and they typically occur in otherwise healthy individuals.
  2. Secondary: These develop as a result of another skin condition, such as blistering disorders or skin injuries.
  3. Neonatal: These are found in newborns and are a common occurrence in infants.
  4. Milia En Plaque: This rare type of milia appears as a large, flat, plaque-like lesion, often on the face or scalp.

Treatment Options for Milia

While milia are generally harmless, many individuals choose to have them removed for cosmetic reasons. There are several treatment options available, including:

  1. Extraction: A healthcare provider can manually remove them by using a small tool to gently extract the keratin-filled cyst.
  2. Chemical Exfoliation: Topical creams or peels containing alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) or beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs) can help break down the outer layer of skin and encourage the them to surface.
  3. Laser Therapy: Specific laser treatments, such as CO2 laser or pulsed-dye laser, can effectively remove them with minimal scarring.
  4. Radiocautery: This procedure uses radiofrequency waves to perform minor dermato-surgical procedures. It removes and cuts areas with minimal tissue damage and least amount of downtime. Radiocautery creates a bloodless field, so there is no bleeding while removal of these lesions. Read more

Frequent exfoliation and the use of non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) skincare products can also help prevent the formation of new milia.


FAQs

Q: What causes milia to form?

A: They are caused by the accumulation of keratin, a protein found in the skin, which becomes trapped beneath the skin’s surface.

Q: Can it be prevented?

A: Frequent exfoliation and the use of non-comedogenic skincare products can help prevent the formation of new milia.

Q: Is it safe to try to remove milia at home?

A: It is generally not recommended to try to remove them at home, as this can lead to further skin irritation or infection. It’s best to have them professionally removed by a healthcare provider.

Q: Do milia go away on their own?

A: Some may resolve on their own, but it’s common for them to persist unless they are actively treated.

Q: Are milia a sign of an underlying health condition?

A: In most cases, they are not indicative of an underlying health condition. However, certain medical conditions, such as bullous pemphigoid or epidermolysis bullosa, can lead to the development of secondary milia.


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